Do model years before the calendar year have anything to do with public transportation?

I am starting to wonder because a lot of private cars (like the Honda Pilot and the Acura RDX) have their 2016 models already released and they are a form of transportation.

But, do model years before the calendar year have anything to do with public transportation?
a) yes
b) no

When you answer, can you give me an explanation?

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